Treatment^a

Sapling Layer

Regeneration Layer

Early^b

Mid-^c

Late^d

Conifers^e

Shrubs^f

Early

Mid-

Late

Conifers

Shrubs

RMZC

1.9

2.4

−2.0

1.6

−3.9

1.4

5.3

3.9

−31.9

21.1

RMZH

−3.0

4.8

4.6

4.8

−11.3

3.7

1.9

−11.9

−23.9

30.1

RMZL

13.2

1.3

−1.1

2.5

−15.9

3.7

1.7

0.5

−45.9

40.0

Upland

Clearcut

56.1

−2.6

−5.2

−18.6

−29.7

5.4

−0.9

−5.1

−40.1

40.6